Bleeding and receding gums: causes and treatment
Gums that bleed when you brush are usually the first sign of gum inflammation caused by plaque and tartar. Caught early, it reverses completely with a professional clean and good home care; left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which affects the bone that holds the teeth.
Why do gums bleed?
Bacterial plaque building up on the teeth inflames the gums. Inflamed gums become red and swollen and bleed easily when brushing or flossing. When plaque hardens it becomes tartar, which a toothbrush can no longer remove.
- Inadequate brushing and no flossing
- Tartar
- Smoking (which can mask bleeding and hide the disease)
- Pregnancy and hormonal changes
- Diabetes
- Some medications, including blood thinners
Gingivitis versus periodontitis
| Gingivitis (gum inflammation) | Periodontitis (advanced gum disease) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tissue affected | Gums only | Gums and the bone holding the teeth |
| Signs | Redness, swelling, bleeding | Recession, bad breath, loose or spreading teeth |
| Reversible? | Fully reversible | Lost bone usually doesn't return; the disease is halted |
| Treatment | Professional clean and home care | Deep cleaning, root planing, surgery if needed |
Why do gums recede?
The most common causes of recession are periodontitis and brushing too hard. Grinding, thin gum tissue, orthodontic movement and tight lip or cheek attachments can contribute. Recession exposes the root surface, which can lead to sensitivity, root decay and cosmetic concerns.
How is it treated?
- Examination, gum pocket measurements and X-rays to assess bone level
- Scaling and polishing
- Root planing under local anaesthetic if needed
- Re-assessment after 4–8 weeks
- Surgical procedures such as flap surgery or gum grafts in advanced cases
- Regular maintenance (usually every 3–6 months)
We answer common questions about scaling in our article on professional teeth cleaning.
Why gum health affects other treatments
The long-term success of implants, crowns and orthodontics depends on healthy gums. A similar inflammation (peri-implantitis) can develop around implants. That's why gum disease is treated first. Read more in our treatments section or book an appointment at our Beylikdüzü clinic.
Frequently asked questions
My gums bleed. Should I stop brushing?
No. Bleeding is a sign of inflammation; gentle but regular brushing and flossing help it settle. If it doesn't improve in a week or two, see a dentist.
Do receded gums grow back?
Not on their own. In suitable cases, procedures such as gum grafts can cover the root again. The cause of the recession is addressed first.
Can bad breath come from gum disease?
Yes, gum disease and bacteria on the tongue are among the most common causes of persistent bad breath.
Is bleeding gums normal in pregnancy?
It's common because of hormonal changes (pregnancy gingivitis). A check-up and a clean are still recommended; scaling is safe during pregnancy.
